Lighting should consist of either direct, natural sunlight (not through a window
unless it is open, since glass filters out UV light) or a full spectrum light
source which accurately mimics sunlight (setting a light on a timer that turns
on at sunrise and off at sunset is easiest). Full spectrum lights come in a
variety of sizes (note: they are not the same as the broad-spectrum type used
for plants), and can be found at specialty pet stores as well as
online.
A light source should only be considered "full spectrum"
if it produces enough UV light to induce tanning (these bulbs do not
produce enough UV to be harmful and must be replaced when recommended by the
manufacturer to remain effective). Regardless of the type of light source used
(natural or artificial), some shaded areas should be
available in the enclosure for the birds to retreat to.
Healthy birds can tolerate a wide range of temperatures when slowly
acclimatized. Birds may become comfortable at near-freezing temperatures or at
temperatures upwards of 90° F (32° C); the key is that they be
healthy, well-nourished, and allowed to adjust to any
temperature changes slowly. As a general rule,
any ambient temperature you (the owner) are comfortable in is adequate for your
birds. The exception to this rule is for birds whose health is
compromised. Sick birds should usually receive supplemental heat as a primary
first aid measure (and be kept in an area which is maintained at 85-90° F or
29-32° C). Whether your bird is sick or healthy, be sure to
watch for tell-tale signs of temperature-related
discomfort: cold birds will often remain fluffed up for extended periods
of time, and overheated birds will hold their wings away from their bodies and
pant. Birds can suffer from heat stroke, so be sure to provide means
for your birds to cool off if temperatures in your birds' area exceed 90° F (32°
C). Examples include shaded areas, bathing opportunities (remember to clean the
bird bath and replace its water daily since the birds will likely drink from
it), and perhaps a
water misting system
if necessary. For cold climates, a
heating system
(panels and/or lamps) can be installed easily for a relatively low price.
Additionally, when temperatures drop below 68° F (20° C), either keep breeding
birds indoors or provide auxiliary heating for them (since 68° F is the minimum
temperature for successful egg incubation and hatching). Also, bring your birds
indoors if the temperature drops/rises considerably lower/higher than what the
birds are accustomed to.
As with temperature for birds from subtropical areas as well as for breeding
birds, the humidity level should be kept fairly high,
around 50-70%. This will ensure that any eggs laid do not dry out during
incubation, and is especially crucial during hatching. Humidity may be altered
by simply providing a bird bath to the finches, or through occasional
misting,
and should be of special consideration during winter months and in dry climates.